The theory of carbon bike wheel evolution

The bike wheel may have been an invention 5000 years ago, but designers are still searching for ways to make it lighter, faster, safer, and more stable. In recent years, the focus of road bicycle wheels has shifted from wheel brakes to disc brakes. Prior to this, everything was aimed at improving the wheel rim shape to make it more aerodynamic. Now, we are considering improving the interface between tires and wheels, while extracting every performance improvement in terms of weight reduction and power savings. Manufacturers are also carefully examining their impact on the environment and exploring ways to make their products sustainable and satisfactory.
The emergence of carbon bike wheel width disc brakes not only helps to stop carbon road bikes faster, but also helps them travel faster, and one way to achieve this goal is to make the wheels wider.
Bola is already developing wider carbon wheelset before the emergence of disc brakes. we  are trying to widen our carbon road bike wheels, but to a certain extent, the carbon bicycle wheel brake calipers no longer have much effect. Nowadays, the carbon bike wheels no longer need to pass through the brake calipers, so the bicycle wheels can be made wider, which means they can accommodate larger capacity tires.
Larger tires can operate at lower pressures, improving compliance, rolling resistance, and allowing more rubber to come into contact with the road surface for grip. A wider wheel rim also means a smoother transition from tire to carbon wheel rim, which can improve aerodynamics. The increase in bicycle wheel width fundamentally improves the riding experience, and the variation in wheel width is much greater than that of tire width. Therefore,cyclist will receive more support at the bottom of the tires. Therefore, under lower pressure, more support will also be obtained near the bottom of the tire, thereby increasing the stability during turning.
So the current question is: What is the correct width? Whenever an industry studies a trend, it will strive towards one direction, constantly pushing it forward, and eventually the pendulum will swing back, and manufacturers will integrate around certain parameters.
It seems that the bicycle industry has tried wider carbon wheel widths, but found that it may not be a good thing if the bike wheel width is too wide. If you use crazy wheel widths, riders will lose confidence when turning and use ultra wide tires with low air pressure, so they won't be able to speed quickly.
There is no reason for the industry to widen tire width now, but it seems that for tires around 28mm to 32mm, a width within 25mm is the point where profits begin to decline. From a data perspective, there is no actual demand for tires wider than this.
The rise of hooked wheel rims and tubeless tires is a catalyst for the development of hooked wheel rims, which have been used for many years for motorbike and mountain bike wheels, but are still new to the road bike market. Hook free wheels simply eliminate the protruding hooks on the rim wall, which help secure standard open tires in place. On the contrary, the hooked wheel rim wall is flat, and the tubeless tire is fixed in place solely by pressure.
Its advantage is that the carbon bike wheels can be made lighter because there are fewer materials, and due to a simpler manufacturing process, the cost is lower. The position of the tire in the carbon fiber wheel rim makes its shape more aerodynamic. The problem with hooked wheel rims is that installation tolerances must be very precise, and tire/wheel compatibility must be accurate to prevent the tire from falling off the bike wheel rim, even in professional cycling teams where such situations have occurred frequently.
However, with the development of technology, the problem has been solved, although there are differences in the industry regarding whether hookless will become the standard for tubeless tubes. Although there are some people in the industry who oppose hooked carbon bike wheels, hooked wheels will still exist, and the benefits of hooked wheels are obvious. Using hook free wheels can create carbon bike wheels that are stronger, lighter, and more durable, as it does not disrupt the continuous flow of carbon fibers in the wheel.
The suitable tubeless carbon wheel rim being manufactured, if the tire is constructed correctly, will never come into contact with the hook shaped bead. The only way to keep the tire on the carbon bike rim after losing pressure is actually to press the bead into the bead seat. However, there are also different voices, and they do not believe that hookless bicycles are the most suitable for amateur riders to regularly maintain themselves.
The deep wavy wheel rim profile not only provides a certain aesthetic appeal, but also claims to have aerodynamic characteristics and provide better stability in crosswinds. This technology has not yet been widely adopted, nor is it without critics.

Sawtooth shaped wheels not only look cool, but also do not add any value or stability. This is more like a marketing tactic than a real story. Some describe the design as one that must tolerate its own flaws: it has both aerodynamic advantages and disadvantages.
Should we replace the flywheel with a new one? Due to the expiration of DT Swiss' star shaped ratchet patent, the popularity of ratchet flywheels is constantly increasing, which means Bola can now incorporate them into our designs.
At present, most carbon flywheels use a pawl system, which relies on small claws extending from the bike flywheel body to mesh with teeth machined inside the rear wheel hub shell. The ratchet system uses two spring metal rings with inclined teeth. When the hub rotates in one direction, they mesh, but when the hub rotates in the other direction, they slide against each other.
The potential advantages of a ratchet include more contact points, simplicity, ease of maintenance, and improved reliability due to fewer faulty components. I like the ratchet wheel because its mating surface is larger, and adjusting the diameter and material can also reduce weight. Ratchet technology has a good positioning: it can cope with the future of modern and wider gravel bicycles, while providing more versatility.
A good ratchet system is impeccable, but cost may be an issue: manufacturing a good ratchet requires high-quality materials. In short, the pawl flywheel does not urgently need to be replaced. If made well, they can work perfectly and efficiently, but due to the advantages of ratchet flywheels in performance and durability, we will definitely see more pawl flywheels in future carbon bike wheels.
The development of technician problem free wheel ring seats has brought benefits to manufacturers and riders, but they have also brought their own technical barriers. By manufacturing wheels without spoke holes, the wheel seat can be very smooth, so there is no need for wheel tape, and the entire structure can be stronger and lighter in weight. The fully integrated carbon bike wheel system combines spokes, monocoque wheels, and hubs into a continuous form, just like the super light carbon bike wheel set released last year. This is an impressive feat, and they are lightweight in such deep carbon wheelset.
But fully integrated carbon bike wheels have no room for adjustment or maintenance, which is detrimental to both users and the environment. This trade-off is too excessive, as the quality of the ride will be affected, and for every good carbon wheel produced, another four will be scrapped. For Bola, the continuous bike wheel system represents a setback in design, which is why Bola chose a compromise design where the spokes and hub shell are integrated together, but the spokes remain adjustable at the carbon wheel rim.This can reduce weight while maintaining practicality. Otherwise, you won't be able to control it, which is very important, and you'll give up control over your own product.